Hybrid Nano-GdF3 contrast media allows pre-clinical in vivo element-specific K-edge imaging and quantification - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Accéder directement au contenu
Article Dans Une Revue Scientific Reports Année : 2019

Hybrid Nano-GdF3 contrast media allows pre-clinical in vivo element-specific K-edge imaging and quantification

Résumé

Computed tomography (CT) is a widely used imaging modality. Among the recent technical improvements to increase the range of detection for optimized diagnostic, new devices such as dual energy CT allow elemental discrimination but still remain limited to two energies. Spectral photon-counting CT (SPCCT) is an emerging X-ray imaging technology with a completely new multiple energy detection and high spatial resolution (200 μm). This unique technique allows detection and quantification of a given element thanks to an element-specific increase in X-ray absorption for an energy (K-band) depending on its atomic number. The main contrast media used hitherto are iodine-based compounds but the K-edge of iodine (33.2 keV) is out of the range of detection. Therefore, it is crucial to develop contrast media suitable for this advanced technology. Gadolinium, well known and used element for MRI, possess a K-edge (50.2 keV) well suited for the SPCCT modality. The use of nano-objects instead of molecular entities is pushed by the necessity of high local concentration. In this work, nano-Gdf 3 is validated on a clinical based prototype, to be used as efficient in vivo contrast media. Beside an extremely high stability, it presents long lasting time in the blood pool allowing perfusion imaging of small animals, without apparent toxicity. Since its introduction over 40 years ago 1,2 , CT has become one of the most used imaging modalities with MRI for clinical purposes in hospitals, especially in the emergency room. CT has known many evolutions most of them aiming to improve the image resolution, the scanning speed or to lower the radiation dose received by the patient. These developments have led to the very recent dual energy CT currently available commercially. However, improvements to the CT technology are still ongoing and new improvements are being developed at the present day, among the most recent ones is the K-edge imaging. After the concept was initially proven at synchrotron facilities 3 , the system and the reconstruction algorithms have been developed. Today the technology is matured enough to build prototypes under the form of the spectral photon-counting CT 4-8. Spectral photon-counting CT (SPCCT) is an emerging X-ray imaging technology with a completely new type of detection chain which pairs high count-rate capabilities to multiple energy discrimination and high spatial resolution (200 μm) 9-14. This energy discrimination allows, in comparison with standard CT technology, a better sampling of the spectral information from the transmitted spectrum. It gives additional physical information produced during matter interaction, including photo-electric, Compton and K-edge effect. The K-edge can be described as an element-specific imaging corresponding to the measurement of the increase of the mass atten-uation coefficient, at an energy corresponding to the K-band of the element 12. Furthermore, not only K-edge imaging allows to detect a specific element, it also enables to quantify it. It is thus possible to accurately locate and dose the contrast media within the tissues. Since the energy range of the X-ray tube emission in the SPCCT is 30 keV to 120 keV, only elements with a K-edge value between these values can be detected 13,15-18. The main
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hal-02362476 , version 1 (13-11-2019)

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Niki Halttunen, Frédéric Lerouge, Frédéric Chaput, Marc Vandamme, Szilvia Karpati, et al.. Hybrid Nano-GdF3 contrast media allows pre-clinical in vivo element-specific K-edge imaging and quantification. Scientific Reports, 2019, 9 (1), ⟨10.1038/s41598-019-48641-z⟩. ⟨hal-02362476⟩
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